Role of Components Utilized in Solar Panel

Solar panels are made of basically solar panel frames, solar backsheets, solar glass, and EVA Encapsulant. The actual solar cell is made up of silicon and the outer frame is made of glass. The other components are then aligned together which makes the final solar panel structure. Every solar panel material has its individuality and the role for which they are being installed. Vishakha being a major member in this sector wants to help the audience understand what they actually are and what is the role of raw materials used in solar panel:

What is Solar Panel Frame?

A solar panel frame is a structural component that provides support and stability to the solar panel assembly. The frame surrounds and supports the solar cells, glass, and other components of the solar panel, ensuring their proper alignment and protection. Solar aluminum frame is widely regarded as the best option for solar frames due to its lightweight properties and corrosion-resistant properties. Solar frame not only provides strong support to the panel, but it also increases the service life of solar batteries.

Role of Solar Panel Frame

Structural Support

Solar frame provides structural support to the entire solar panel, by ensuring its stability and durability, especially in harsh weather conditions such as high winds and snow loads. The panels are installed in not only urban areas, but the scope of solar energy has spread highly in rural areas and also industrial areas. Thus standing tall in harsh weather and providing optimum energy is necessary. Thus solar frames ensure proper working and keep the solar panel working intact.

Mounting Surface

The frame serves as a mounting surface that can secure the solar panel to mounting structures such as rooftops, ground mounts, or tracking systems.

Heat Dissipation

The frame helps break up the heat generated by the solar panel during operation, preventing overheating and maintaining optimal performance.

What is Solar Backsheet?

Solar backsheet is the outermost layer of the solar panel that acts as a defense line for the solar cell that safeguards the panel from dust, moisture, and UV radiation throughout its lifespan. Backsheet is made from polyester or fluoropolymer which are typically designed to support the effect of sunlight exposure or any kind of temperature changes.

Typically there are types of backsheet that you can choose from to produce PV modules:

Polyvinyl Fluoride (PVF) Backsheets
Fluoropolymer Backsheets
Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Backsheets
Polyester Backsheets

The choice of backsheet totally depends on various factors like climatic conditions, longevity, expected lifespan, and on the area where the solar panel is going to be installed.

Role of Solar Backsheet

Electrical Insulation

Due to the harsh weather outside the wiring of the panel may come into contact with other conductors that can hinder the working of the panel. Backsheet here works like an electrical insulator that protects the solar cells and other electrical components from moisture, dust, and other environmental conditions like heavy rain, cyclones, gales, etc.

Solar backsheet acts as an insulator that protects the solar cells and electrical components from moisture, dust, and other environmental factors.

UV Protection

Due to prolonged exposure to sunlight, the solar cell may degrade. Backsheet act as a shield and provide UV resistance or we can say they act like sunscreen that protects the cells and extends the lifespan of the solar panel.

Moisture Barrier

The backsheet forms a moisture barrier, preventing water ingress and corrosion of the internal components, and ensuring the long-term reliability of the solar panel.

What is Solar Glass?

Solar glass is a kind of tempered glass that is utilized to act as an anti-reflective coating on either or both sides of the panel which aids in concentrating sun exposure. Made from Silica Sand, Dolomite, Quartz, Soda Ash, Aluminum Hydroxide & other raw materials, this glass is thus not like normal glass as it has the power to remain reliable in sunlight which is crucial to safeguard the photovoltaic cells and other parts of the solar panel.

This kind of glass is used in solar glass manufacturing:

Plate Glass
Tempered Glass (Most Popular and Cost-effective)
Soda-Lime Glass
Borosilicate Glass
Lead Crystal Glass

Role of Solar Glass

Light Transmission

Solar glass comes with ARC- anti-reflective coating that helps to minimize the light reflection and increase absorption of sunlight, thus optimizing energy conversion efficiency.

Mechanical Protection

Made with tempered glass, which is also called tough glass, it is thus the perfect choice for solar panel production. Its strength and durability hence make it possible to provide mechanical protection to the solar cells against external impacts.

Weather Resistance

Being the external layer in solar panels, solar glass protects the panels from outside weather including temperature variations, humidity, and UV exposure, solar glass ensures the longevity and performance of the solar panel.

What is EVA Encapsulant?

EVA (Ethylene-vinyl acetate) is a specialized polymer material that is employed in solar panels. safeguard the solar cells by encapsulating them in a thin, transparent layer. This layer is placed between the solar cells and the front glass cover during the manufacturing process, offering protection from external elements.

Role of EVA Encapsulant

Adhesion

EVA encapsulant acts as a glue, sticking the solar cells to both the front glass and back of the solar panel. This strong bond holds all the pieces together, keeping the delicate solar cells in place and preventing them from separating or moving around. This ensures that the solar panel maintains its structural stability over time.

Optical Properties

EVA encapsulant enhances solar panel performance by possessing exceptional optical qualities. Its high-light transmission allows sunlight to travel through the encapsulant without significant reflection or energy loss. Additionally, the encapsulant’s refractive index closely matches that of solar cells, ensuring efficient sunlight absorption by the cells. These properties optimize the conversion of sunlight into electricity, boosting the overall efficiency of the solar panel.

Thermal Insulation

The EVA encapsulant layer in solar panels acts as a protective barrier around the solar cells. It helps regulate temperature by absorbing and dissipating heat created during the solar panel’s operation. By keeping the cells at an optimal temperature, this encapsulant contributes to the efficient functioning and extended lifespan of the solar panel.

Every raw material used in a solar panel contributes to its overall performance. These different components have specific functions that ensure the panel’s ability to effectively capture and harness solar energy for an extended period.